The Karolinska Institute in Stockholm announced the winners of the Nobel prize for medicine. The award recognizes an American and a Japanese immunologist for cancer research.
The Nobel prize for medicine goes this year to the immunologists James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo lied. Both worked on the development of an immune therapy against cancer, the so-called Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Allison lost his mother to cancer, he suffered from prostate cancer.
In the case of an immune therapy the body to its own immune forces sniper made against cancer cells.
With just under 900,000 euros in prize money
With the announcement of the Nobel prize in medicine carrier Institute in Stockholm, launched today at the Karolinska-Nobel week. The Nobel prizes are the world’s most important and prestigious awards in medicine, physics and chemistry. In the past year, the three U.S. scientists Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young received the award for the study of the Internal clock of the people.
On Tuesday and Wednesday, the juries will announce the prize winners for physics and chemistry. On Friday, the Nobel peace prize is awarded in Oslo. On 8. October, the price for the economy is then. The award of the Nobel prize for literature has been cancelled for this year, according to a Harassment and corruption scandal. In the coming year, the award ceremony will be rescheduled so that the two literature Nobel would be awarded prizes.
The Nobel prize winner in medicine since 2008
The Nobel prize in medicine awarded since 1901. The first award went to the German bacteriologist Emil lied to Adolf von Behring for his discovery of serum therapy against diphtheria. The prize winners of the past ten years were:
2017: The American scientists Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young for the exploration of the Internal clock.
2016: The Japanese Yoshinori Ohsumi, of the vital Recycling System in the cells of the body is decrypted.
2015: The Chinese Youyou Tu, of the Malaria drug Artemisinin has discovered. She shared the prize with the native Irish, William C. Campbell, and Japanese Satoshi Omura, who had worked on the control of the other parasites.
2014: The Norwegian couple May-Britt and Edvard Moser and John O’keefe (USA/great Britain) for the discovery of a GPS in the brain: they found the basic structures of our censorial bearings, antisocial.
2013: Thomas Südhof (born in Germany) and James Rothman (USA) Randy Schekman (USA) for the discovery of essential transport mechanisms in cells.
2012: Briton John Gurdon and the Japanese Shinya Yamanaka, for Reprogramming adult body cells into the embryonic state.
2011: Bruce Beutler (USA) and Jules Hoffmann (France) for their Work in alerting the innate immune system. Ralph Steinman from Canada discovered cells that activate the adaptive immune system. He died shortly before the announcement and got the prize posthumously.
2010: Briton Robert Edwards for the development of test tube fertilization.
2009: Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak (all USA) for the study of cellular aging.
2008: Harald zur Hausen (Germany) for the detection of Papilloma virus, cervical cancer, and the French Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier for the discovery of the AIDS pathogen HIV.
The world’s most important awards in their respective area of expertise are endowed with the nine million Swedish crowns (approximately 870.000 Euro) and be on 10. December, the anniversary of the death of prize founder Alfred Nobel, is awarded.
Figures about the Nobel prize
The Nobel prizes for more than 100 years. In the time, have accumulated some of the (sometimes strange) facts and Figures:
31.587.202 Swedish crowns behind Alfred Nobel in 1896, took his last will and Testament. Today, the approximately 169 million Euro.
9.000.000 crowns, about 870.000 Euro, each prize winner from the interest of this heritage this year.
844 scientists, writers, organisations and personalities have been awarded since 1901, a Nobel prize. This 79-winner of the prize for Economics, is not an official Nobel prize, but this is expected.
90 years old, previously the oldest winner, Leonid Hurwicz, in his award, the business award in 2007.
60 years the average age of Nobel prize winners.
49 Times it was counted in all the categories for a Nobel prize, especially in the years of the war. The most common of the peace, was exposed to price, this year the prize for literature is it.
49 Times, a woman was awarded. Two prizes of which went to Marie Curie.
17 years is the youngest laureate Malala was Yousafzai when she received the 2014 Nobel peace prize.
14 members of the family shared a price. Particularly successful was the family Curie was.
13 German authors price received the literature Nobel.
6 people or organisations received the awards: John Bardeen (2x physics), Marie Curie (physics and chemistry), Linus Pauling (chemistry and peace), Frederick Sanger (2x chemistry), the Red cross (3x peace) and the UN refugee Agency, UNHCR (2x)
4 winners were forced, Nobel prices decline. Adolf Hitler forbade the chemist Richard Kuhn and Adolf Butenandt as well as the physician Gerhard Domagk. The Soviet Union said in the name of the author Boris Pasternak.
3 Nobel peace prize laureate sat in on the day of the announcement in the prison: Carl von Ossietzky, Aung San Suu Kyi and Liu Xiabo.
2 prize winners have declined the Nobel prize voluntary: Jean-Paul Sartre in 1964, and accepted no honours, and Le Duc Tho, the should be awarded in 1973 along with Henry Kissinger for negotiating the Vietnam peace.
Predecessor explored the Internal clock
Last year, Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young, had received the Nobel prize in medicine for their research into the body’s Internal clock. The Molecular scientists were, among other things, how organisms at times of the Day customize. In laboratory experiments on fruit you could fly a Gene to identify the controls the Bio-rhythm.
Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young were able to take a look Inside our biological clock and to light your way, said the Nobel jury. Their discoveries explain how plants, animals, and people adjust your biological rhythm so that it matches the day-night-rhythm of the earth.
Nominees are kept secret for 50 years
The name of the Nobel laureate is probably one of the best kept secrets in the world, even the nominations to keep the juries are secret for 50 years.
All of the five Nobel prizes go back on the will of dynamite inventor Alfred Nobel. He stated that from the interest of its heritage each year the most important achievements should be honored in the respective area of expertise.
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