The problem of accelerated aging has gripped the world. If in 1950 on Землепроживало214 million elderly people, according to UN estimates, by 2025 Godwin will be 5 times more that will exceed 1 billion people. The number of 80-leticias seven years will increase to 135 million what is the reason? And is it possible to slow aging?
The world health organization (who)has even adopted the term population of the fourth age. It is people eighty years and older. (Men 60 years and older are referred to as population of the third age).
An aging nation
Ukraine is one of the most demographically distressed countries. We have every fourth person – the old age pensioners, and one in five crossed the 50-year milestone. The Ministry of social policy said that Ukraine is among the 30 oldest countries in the world in the proportion of persons aged 60 years and older.So, in 2015, the share of these persons was 21.8%, while the share of people aged 65 years and over 15.5% of the total population.
According to the national population forecast, by 2025 the proportion of persons over 60 will constitute 25% of the total population aged 65 and over 18.4% and in 2030 more than 26% and 20%, respectively.
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Along with the increase in the share of elderly in the population structure will be observed decline in physical performance, compared to 1950 GodMode will increase the number of children under 15 years. All this affects the average age of the population. But the average life expectancy of our transennae 103место in the world. In the first place is Switzerland, where life expectancy is over 80 years, followed by Singapore and Australia.
Currently, the average life expectancy in Ukraine is 71 years old. For comparison, the average life expectancy of the Swiss is 83.1 years. For our men it is 66,3 years, and for Swiss 80 years, Ukrainians of 76.1 years, and for the Swiss 86,1 year.
Along with this I must say that Ukraine for 10 years, occupies a stable position among European countries in terms of mortality and one of the first places in population migration in search of work. According to the data for the first four months of 2018, 100 deaths is 54 births. In Ukraine in the next 10 years, demographers do not expect positive dynamics of demographic processes. As stated in the media, in 2017, the population of Ukraine decreased by 181,5 thousand.
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The second aspect of the question of premature aging. Natural is the fact that with increasing age people decrease the functionality of the body, increasing the aging of the elderly from the lack of social assistance from the unavailability medewi, from a lack of psychological support. The rate of decrease in functionality and loss of the ability of the Autonomous existence of the population of Ukraine is much higher than the expected result. Human health is directly influenced by psychological, environmental, and economic factors.
Health according to the who definition a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being. In this context, probably not one citizen of Ukraine can not be considered completely healthy.
If you imagine a portrait of the health of citizen of Ukraine older then every second elderly person in need of treatment, at least in the outpatient setting. One in four people aged yourself beyond your apartment, especially in the cold season. Every 5th person of this age can not move independently. Every 4th person age 12 once a year asks for the ambulance.
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86% of seniors take daily medications, 76% of older people require hospital observation, 20% of people 80 years and older need specialized psychiatric care. 30% have lost the ability to self-care people live alone, without assistance from relatives.
It is very difficult to judge the change of the population health, because medical care is not available for all. Officially, the incidence is considered to be uptake. During the survey of the elderly in different regions of Ukraine, it was found that in the cities the incidence of hits in 2-2,5 times lower than the true incidence, and in the villages in 5 times above, than on indicators. Therefore, the quality and quantity of medical care is far below the real needs. Thus, therapeutic aid is only half of the real need of older persons, rehabilitation assistance is provided only a fifth of the population, and the organization of medical care at home is only every 6-th required case.
A third of older people in cities and in villages, do not seek medical help. There are many reasons: geographically, in the villages find it difficult to reach health services. Often elderly people and their relatives are unable to pay for petrol for travel ambulance, a car to drive to the hospital.
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But despite all the problems, elderly people of Ukraine are incredibly optimistic. This resilient and very wonderful group of people. According to the survey, about 80% of older people, despite their illness, said that if it were possible to spend the money, they would have traveled. 15 % of older people with pleasure would study foreign languages, 60% with pleasure would visit interesting clubs. 60% of people retiring have higher and secondary special education. In Ukraine there are several volunteer movements, where tysyachnaya people have voluntarily and freely help. It is worth remembering the words of Antoine de Saint-Exupery that old age is not a different life, and that in the worst case awaits each of us. And remember: we cease to love, not because getting old, but grow old because cease to love.
What is aging?
Aging is what happens to our bodies over time. And it’s not just gray hair or wrinkles. This definition includes all types of aging, through which the human body throughout life.
Some aging is caused solely by processes occurring in the body (children grow up, adolescents are experiencing puberty). Other types of accumulates over time, and they are connected, for example, the skin damage caused by sun exposure. As a result, the aging is a combination of natural bodily changes influence us and the environment.
In other words, aging is the impact of time on the human body, and it occurs on several levels.
Types of aging
Cellular senescence
The age of the cells depends on the number of replications. A cell can replicate about 50 times before genetic material can’t be copied, which is associated with coracoacromial. What more damage was caused to the cells by free radicals and other harmful factors, the more the cell has to replicate.
Hormonal aging
Hormones play a huge role in aging, especially in the period of child growth and adolescent maturation. Hormone levels fluctuate throughout life. Puberty, for example, may be accompanied by the appearance of pimples and increased pores. As we get older, hormonal changes, on the contrary, make the skin more dry and lead to menopause.
Accumulated damage
Accumulated damage linked with the outside world. It is known that exposure to the toxins, the sun, harmful products, pollution and the smoke affects the body. Over time, these external factors can damage tissue, impairing the body’s ability to maintain and repair cells, tissues and organs.
Metabolic aging
Throughout the day your cells are constantly turning food into energy, producing in the process by-products that can be harmful. Over time, the process of metabolism and create energy damages the body. Some believe that slowing the metabolic process using methods such as calorie restriction, may slow aging.
The natural aging process
Modern culture is completely absorbed in slowing the aging process and increase life expectancy, but aging is inevitable. Sooner or later it will face every.
Oddly enough, the aging process begins when the person reaches 20 years. Lung tissue loses its elasticity, the muscles around the chest also begin to change, and the function of the lungs, that is, the amount of air that can be inhaled is reduced. Is slowed and the production of digestive enzymes, affecting the body’s absorption of nutrients.
In the blood vessels of the heart accumulate fatty tissue and blood vessels begin to lose the flexibility that often develops in atherosclerosis or clogging of arteries. In women decreases the production of vaginal fluids, atrophy of genital tissues. In men can increase the prostate, and sperm production is reduced.
How to slow down aging?
As mentioned earlier: aging can’t be avoided. However, there are several measures that you can take regardless of your age, to slow down your biological clock and increase life expectancy.
Proper nutrition
Over the last few decades processed foods have become an indispensable part of the diet of many people. Added sugar, salt and fat destroy the body, leading to many serious health problems, including cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Do yourself a favor and eat right! There is even a rule that says that if you need to open something to eat, then you don’t need to eat it. Read the labels, reduce the consumption of sugary drinks and starch, and tukuitonga fruits, vegetables, fiber and lean protein.
Quitting Smoking
If you are a smoker, you’ve probably made several attempts to get rid of bad habits, but give up is not worth it. Smoking cessation improves circulation and blood pressure, and dramatically reduces the risk of cancer.
Physical activity
Even if you do not exercise the recommended 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, the good news is that even 15 minutes of moderate activity a day can extend your life. Take a walk with the dog, ride a bike or go to the gym. Any activity is better than lazy and passive way of life.
Communication
Socialization prolongs youth and works wonders. Maintain good, healthy relationships with others. Stay connected with those you love, and don’t hesitate to meet new people.
Healthy sleep
Do not listen to the statement the real world. Sleep is essential for health and longevity. Sleep 7-9 hours each night, and you’ll reduce the risk of heart disease and reduce stress levels.
No stress
Stress, anger and frustration can be very destructive. If you do anything to lower your stress levels, your body will definitely thank you. Include meditation or reading books to your daily schedule, and give yourself a break.
Author: research fellow, Institute of gerontology Vera Chaikovskaya